Open source PBX: Risk or value?

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If it is free, does it have value? Free for business application, the open source PBX also has risks, costs and limitations. Open source development is really a community effort, not a specific vendor's solution. This broadens the number of those producing the code but also diffuses the focus for support of the open source code.

This tip is focused on the concept of the open source PBX, along with its advantages and risks. There are several other open source PBXs besides Asterisk. Those will be explored in a subsequent tip. Open source means that the source code is shared freely for use by anyone as they see fit. Improvements and fixes will be distributed without restriction. The development of source code is performed by a community of volunteers that is open for anyone to participate. A good reference is "Open Source Decision Making and Implementation" from Business Communications Review , May 2005, http://www.bcr.com.

Open source vs. proprietary solutions

The following is a comparison between the open source and proprietary PBX solutions:

Open source	Proprietary
No license fee	Seat or site license
Change as you wish	Strict limitation on code
Community of programmers	Vendor's core team
No dedicated support from developers	Vendor offers support
Documentation from community	Professionally written documentation
Software releases driven by community and needs	Software releases driven by customer input and vendor investment
No vendor lock-in	Vendor lock-in

The advantages of open source community development are faster development cycles, fixes that are more rapidly developed and distributed, and a lack of restrictions by a proprietary vendor looking for profit. The proponents of open source point to the "project maintainers" who monitor the code production, thereby reducing the security risks. Large-scale commercializers of the open source code contribute to quality assurance. Vendors are now surfacing that will provide the open source implementation support.

Pluses and minuses
The plus side of the open source debate has these elements:

• Opening up multivendor possibilities
• Many system integrators gearing up to support open source VoIP
• Interoperability among the products that is higher than that found with proprietary solutions
• Many choices with reusable code
• Many vendors that have entered the market with multiple products

There are counterarguments to the open source PBX solution. All this innovation by a large community of developers can and does cause confusion. Some points on the minus side are:

• Procuring an open source PBX will require modification to most enterprises' bid solicitation and contracting procedures.
• The internal staff will require training, and the staff may have to be expanded.
• Poorly controlled developers can create odd and ill-conceived software.
• Low-cost devices to connect to the open source PBX may really mean cheap.
• Echo-cancellation technology can be a problem.
• DTMF support can be in five different implementations. The phone call will be connected, but IVR access to voicemail or call centers may not work.

Advice and best practices

The best practices and considerations for moving to an open source PBX are as follows:

• Ensure that the upper IT or telecom management is committed to the implementation, not just an experiment.
• Limit the number of operating systems used. One open source PBX has its own version of Linux.
• Internet RFC standards compliance does not equal universal operation.
• If more than one vendor's products are to be mixed together, make the vendors demonstrate interoperability.
• Don't let the techies make the open source decision. They should be recommenders, not decision makers.
• If proceeding, test, test, then test. Do not make any assumptions.

There are and will be successes with open source PBX implementations. Be cautious. Your organization may not be able to support the PBX, and the open source PBX may not scale to the size you eventually want to reach.